the emergence of written languagegraphic characters of the river civilizationorigin of han characterslegends in ancient timehan characters originated from drawingsevolvement of forms of han charactersancient drawing-like charactersmodern characters dissimilar to drawingsmainstream in the development of han charactersformation of han charactersancient formation of "six categories"formation methods for han charactersform and structure of modern han charactersthe profound mystery of han characterscauses of the square form of han charactersperspective on han characterschinese history narrated in han characterssocial life in ancient timeshow of ancient civilization sightsthe art of han characterscalligraphic art of han characterscommercial-art han charactersseal art of han characters