preface1  rfid fundamentals  1.1  introduction to rfid    1.1.1  rf    1.1.2  id    1.1.3  rfid system classification      1.1.3.1  frequenc{es and transmission principles      1.1.3.2  applications  1.2  rfid system components    1.2.1  card (picc)    1.2.2  reader (pcd)  1.3  iso/iec 14443 application example    1.3.1  public transport ticketing    1.3.2  employee identification cards    1.3.3  electronic passports and identity cards    1.3.4  other applications  1.4  physical fundamentals    1.4.1  energy transmission    1.4.2  data transmission from pcd to picc      1.4.2.1  amplitude modulation      1.4.2.2  standard data rate (106kb/s)      1.4.2.3  higher data rates (up to 848kb/s)    1.4.3  data transmission from picc to pcd      1.4.3.1  load modulation      1.4.3.2  subcarrier modulation:manchester encoding using ask      1.4.3.3  subcarrier modulation:nrz encoding with bpsk2  overview of the relevant standards  2.1  iso/iec 14443    2.1.1  part 1: physical properties    2.1.2  part 2: rf properties and signals    2.1.3  part 3: card selection and activation      2.1.3.1  type a: uids      2.1.3.2  type a: card activation      2.1.3.3  type a: sak encoding      2.1.3.4  type a: collision-detection and conflict resolution      2.1.3.5  type b card activation      2.1.3.6  t ype b: card activation parameters    2.1.4  part 4: communication protocol      2.1.4.1  protocol activation      2.1.4.2  t=cl protocol block structure    2.1.5  information block (i block)      2.1.5.1  receive-ready blocks (r blocks)      2.1.5.2  supervisory blocks (s blocks)    2.1.6  electromagnetic disturbance (emd)      2.1.6.1  rest period      2.1.6.2  rest level      2.1.6.3  distinction between invalid card response and emd      2.1.6.4  the mfrc522 reader ic and emd  2.2  iso/iec 10373-6 test methods    2.2.1  test equipment      2.2.1.1  calibration coil      2.2.1.2  test pcd assembly      2.2.1.3  referencepicc    2.2.2 tuning and calibration      2.2.2.1  tuning      2.2.2.2  calibration    2.2.3  measurements at the reader      2.2.3.1  range measurement      2.2.3.2  measurement effort    2.2.4 tests for layer 3 and 4  2.3  near field communication (nfc)    2.3.1  introduction    2.3.2 nfc air interface      2.3.2.1  nfc device as card      2.3.2.2  nfc device as a reader      2.3.2.3  nfc device in 'active' mode3  reid antenna design  3.1 theoretical fundamentals    3.1.1 antenna as resonant circuit    3.1.2 transformer model    3.1.3 the biot-savart law    3.1.4  optimal antenna size  3.2  reader antennas    3.2.1  antenna quality      3.2.1.1  data transmission bandwidth      3.2.1.2  stability against detuning    3.2.2  electrically conductive surfaces in the vicinity of the antenna      3.2.2.1  ferrites    3.2.3  balanced and unbalanced antennas      3.2.3.1  balanced antenna      3.2.3.2  unbalanced antenna4  security and cryptography5  introduction to cards and tags6  reader antenna design7  the elekter rfid reader8  cards and tags in application9  elektor rfid projects10  smart card reader api standards.11  pc/sc readers12  list of abbreviations13  bibliography14  index