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征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 版權(quán)信息
- ISBN：9787110089378
- 條形碼：9787110089378 ; 978-7-110-08937-8
- 裝幀：簡裝本
- 冊數(shù)：暫無
- 重量：暫無
- 所屬分類：>
征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 本書特色
★32開精裝，科學(xué)普及出版社出版
★一套由科學(xué)家撰寫的中英文雙語、圖文并茂、青少年及成人都適合閱讀的科普讀物
★不僅回答了“我們從哪里來”，還讓我們看到生命演化歷程中充滿的驚奇、偶然與不可思議
★*次精心呈現(xiàn)我國特有的綻放著幾億年生命之美的高清晰化石圖片和結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)原圖系
★將這縱橫5億年的歷史講得生動有趣，恢弘而不失其細(xì)節(jié)，充滿了形象的比喻和深刻的思考
★榮獲第十一屆文津圖書獎，英國自然雜志傾力推薦圖書，當(dāng)選新京報(bào)“2015年度*美的書”
★采用中英獨(dú)立成冊并相互對照關(guān)聯(lián)的版式，外加特殊的半盒狀腰封，各處細(xì)節(jié)頗具匠心
★附贈一張精美海報(bào)
本書以中國的15個(gè)古生物類群為軸，以脊椎動物演化歷程為緯，描繪了從魚到人的偉大征程。其中既有化石的細(xì)節(jié)勾連，又有9個(gè)關(guān)鍵演化轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)的奇妙故事，將5億年的歷史講得生動有趣，恢弘而不失其細(xì)節(jié)，充滿了形象的比喻和深刻的思考。這本書不僅回答了“我們從哪里來”，還讓我們看到生命演化歷程中充滿的驚奇、偶然與不可思議，將知識性、歷史性以及有趣的學(xué)術(shù)新觀點(diǎn)融為一體，是古生物原創(chuàng)科普圖書的一次首創(chuàng)。其中*大的看點(diǎn)是依據(jù)中國的化石，解釋了這個(gè)亙古彌新的話題：人是從哪里來的，未來又將走向何處？
很多人對人類演化的認(rèn)識還停留在“人是黑猩猩變的”這種粗淺的認(rèn)知。實(shí)際上通過現(xiàn)代研究，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)證實(shí)了人類與黑猩猩都是從古猿類演化出來的平行分支，和現(xiàn)在任何一種猩猩猴子都沒有關(guān)系。再往前推，古猿是怎么演化出來的呢？古猿的祖先又是誰呢？
身為人類，我們也許都沒有意識到能走到今天這一步，我們現(xiàn)在能處在這個(gè)時(shí)代有多么幸運(yùn)。人類是怎樣演化而來，未來何去何從，這一切疑問，我們都能在這本《征程：從魚到人的生命之旅》里找到答案。
征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 內(nèi)容簡介
本書由來自科研一線的加拿大、中國和澳大利亞學(xué)者共同創(chuàng)作完成,主要講述了中國脊椎動物的進(jìn)化歷程,全書分為古生代、中生代和新生代三大章,挑取有代表性的動物群介紹脊椎動物進(jìn)化歷程中的重大轉(zhuǎn)變,輔以豐富高清的化石圖片和生態(tài)復(fù)原圖,可以給予讀者身臨其境之感.為古動物愛好者和研究者的基礎(chǔ)入門之書,中英文雙語對照,書中珍貴的古生物化石和生態(tài)復(fù)原圖均出自專業(yè)攝影師和研究者之手,科學(xué)而美觀
征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 目錄
table of contents
目錄
introduction
前言
just as archaeologists can piece together much of the history of the shang from the material evidence of oracle bones and bronze cauldrons, palaeontologists can use fossils to reconstruct the far longer and more outlandish history of life on earth.
正如考古學(xué)家能夠從發(fā)掘出的甲骨和青銅器中拼湊出商代的歷史概貌，古生物學(xué)家也能夠用化石信息重建更加遙遠(yuǎn)和奇異的地球生命史。
before we begin: vertebrates, deep time and fossils
從這里開始：脊椎動物、地史時(shí)期和化石
skeletons that remain largely intact are rare and precious gifts from deep time to humanity.
那些基本完整無損的骨骼十分稀少，它們也是大自然的“深時(shí)”送給人類的珍貴禮物。
part one palaeozoic
cold blood and scales
**篇 古生代
冷血與鱗片的時(shí)代
第1章 the chengjiang biota: dawn of the vertebrates
澄江生物群：脊椎動物的出現(xiàn)
the forces of biological competition and predation, environmental change, and simple chance winnowed the field of early animal life, eliminating some creatures and thereby creating ecological space in which others could flourish.
生物競爭和捕食的力量、自然環(huán)境的改變，以及單純的機(jī)遇在早期動物的生命中進(jìn)行篩選，剔除了某些動物，也因此為其他動物的繁盛提供了生態(tài)空間。
[key transition 1: the beginnings of the backbone] 大事件1：脊梁骨的起源
what emerges clearly from the fossil record and the anatomy of modern hagfish, lampreys and sharks is that the evolution of vertebrae was not a sudden event.
化石記錄以及現(xiàn)生盲鰻、七鰓鰻和鯊魚的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)明確地告訴我們，脊椎的演化顯然不是一個(gè)突然的過程。
第2章 the xiaoxiang fauna: fishing for answers
瀟湘動物群：“釣出”真正的答案
as greatly modified lobe-finned fish, we humans stroll about on our pelvic fins and use our pectoral fins to turn the pages of books like the one you are reading now.
我們?nèi)祟惼鋵?shí)就是一種“超級改進(jìn)版“的肉鰭魚，我們用“腹鰭”四處行走，并用“胸鰭”翻動書的書頁，就像你現(xiàn)在正在做的這樣。
[key transition 2: to jaw-jaw is always better] 大事件2 ：有頜的感覺真好
vertebrates of different types use their jaws to crush the throats of prey animals, slice and grind their way through tough vegetation, and filter plankton out of seawater.
不同的脊椎動物用不同的方式使用它們的頜，有些用來咬破獵物的喉嚨，有些切碎研磨植物，又或者從海水中過濾藻類。
第3章 the zhongning fauna: a new breed of vertebrate
中寧動物群：脊椎動物的新類型
amid these remains of fierce predators and heavily armoured prey, a single jaw fragment measuring less than 10 cm in length and retaining only small denticles rather than true teeth might seem unremarkable.
就在這些兇猛的捕食者和重裝甲的獵物的殘骸之間，一段不起眼的頜骨化石隱匿其中。
[key transition 3: fish nearly out of water] 大事件3：即將離開水的魚
the somewhat ironic upshot is that the first tetrapod limbs were probably used more for swimming than for walking.
值得玩味的是，*早的四足動物的四肢很可能更多地用于游泳而不是行走。
第4章 the dashankou fauna: beasts and belebey
大山口動物群：獸與蜥的世界
a particularly interesting beast from the dashankou fauna is the carnivore raranimus dashankouensis, whose name means literally the “rare spirit from dashankou”.
大山口動物群有一種有趣的動物叫大山口珍稀獸，直譯就是“珍稀的大山口精靈”。
[key transition 4: the egg, not the chicken] 大事件4：先有雞還是先有蛋
next time you buy amniotic eggs in a supermarket, why not take a moment to appreciate the sophistication and adaptive value of the intricate biological structures that will soon be appearing on your dinner table?
下一次你在超市購買羊膜動物的卵時(shí)，在它們變成你的盤中餐前，何不花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間欣賞一下這一充滿進(jìn)化意義的，復(fù)雜而精巧的生物學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)呢？
part two mesozoic
the empire of dinosaurs
第二篇 中生代
恐龍的帝國
第5章 the guanling biota: life among the dangling crinoids
關(guān)嶺生物群：與搖曳的海百合伴生的生命
complete crinoids are among the most spectacular of all invertebrate fossils, looking for all the world like flowers in some garden tended by undersea giants.
完整的海百合化石絕對屬于現(xiàn)有無脊椎動物化石中*壯觀的一景，它們看起來就好像由海底巨人精心照料的花園中的花朵一般。
[key transition 5: back to the sea] 大事件5：重返海洋
ichthyosaurs, with their dorsal and caudal fins, went further in resculpting their bodies to suit the demands of the sea than perhaps any other amniotes except cetaceans.
魚龍甚至長出了背鰭和尾鰭，這種為了適應(yīng)海洋生活所做的身體改變，可能比除了鯨類以外的任何羊膜動物都走得更遠(yuǎn)。
第6章 the lufeng fauna: china’s oldest dinosaurs
祿豐動物群：中國*古老的恐龍
a single partial lower jaw represents perhaps the greatest mystery of the lufeng fauna.
祿豐動物群*大的謎團(tuán)可能來自一件下頜骨化石。
[key transition 6: the stealthy rise of mammals] 大事件6:：哺乳動物的悄然興起
for nearly the first hundred million years of their history, mammals were inconspicuous, mainly insectivorous animals no larger than about one metre in body length, and for the most part much smaller.
在*初一億年的演化歷史中，哺乳動物毫不起眼，主要是食蟲性的，身體長度不超過一米，而且在多數(shù)時(shí)間中其體長遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于這個(gè)長度。
第7章 the dashanpu dinosaur fauna: giants on the earth
沙溪廟動物群：地球上的巨龍
by shaximiao times the dinosaurs had assumed pride of place in the march of vertebrate life, towering over other terrestrial carnivores and herbivores.
在沙溪廟動物群的時(shí)代，恐龍已經(jīng)在脊椎動物的“大游行”中占據(jù)了首要的地位，遠(yuǎn)超過其他陸生的肉食和素食動物。
第8章 the daohugou biota: preserved in their finery
道虎溝生物群：地層中的華麗霓裳
a few decades ago, palaeontologists believed that almost all mesozoic mammaliaforms were small, land-dwelling insectivores, and species from the daohugou biota have helped to temper that substantially correct but excessively broad generalisation.
幾十年前，古生物學(xué)者們還在堅(jiān)信幾乎所有中生代的哺乳形動物都是小型、陸生、食蟲的動物，但道虎溝的物種有助于調(diào)和這一雖然大體正確，但適用度被夸大了的歸納性結(jié)論。
[key transition 7: into the skies] 大事件7：飛上藍(lán)天
by the time pterosaurs went extinct at the end of the cretaceous, birds had already joined them as denizens of the mesozoic skies.
當(dāng)翼龍?jiān)诎讏准o(jì)末滅絕時(shí)，鳥類已經(jīng)成為中生代天空中的姣客。
第9章 the jehol biota: feathered dinosaurs!
熱河生物群：帶羽毛的恐龍!
the feathers are long enough to suggest that yutyrannus would have been rather shaggy, a murderous fuzzball stalking the forests of the early cretaceous.
羽王龍很像一個(gè)外表蓬松的兇殘殺手，鬼鬼祟祟地游蕩在白堊紀(jì)早期的森林里。
[key transition 8: a profusion of urv?gel] 大事件8：美羽不怕多
exactly how old feathers are, in evolutionary terms, is a matter of profound uncertainty.
從演化的角度觀察，“羽毛的具體產(chǎn)生時(shí)間”是個(gè)很難回答的問題。
第10章 the wangshi fauna: a vast dinosaurian necropolis
王氏動物群：巨大的恐龍墓場
shandong is an appropriate setting for a rich trove of bones from a late chapter in the history of one of the greatest dynasties of all, that of the mesozoic dinosaurs.
由此可見，這里作為中生代恐龍帝國余輝篇章的化石產(chǎn)地，的確十分合適。
part three cenozoic
the triumph of mammals
第三篇 新生代
哺乳動物的大捷
第11章 the qianshan fauna: life after the apocalypse
潛山動物群：劫難后的新生
if niches in an ecosystem are like jobs in an economy, then mass extinctions create vacancies that are automatically filled by the first suitable candidates to step forward.
如果把生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生態(tài)位比做經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中的職場職位，那么生物大滅絕所創(chuàng)造的空位會自然而然地被那些*早適應(yīng)的“求職者”所填補(bǔ)。
第12章 the shara murun fauna: hooves, horns and rams
沙拉木倫動物群：各種各樣的蹄子和角
what granger thought of lending his name to a large, and quite possibly aggressive and ill-tempered, eocene herbivore is uncertain.
至于格蘭杰博士對把他的姓氏授予這種巨型、好斗、脾氣暴躁的始新世食草動物是什么心情，我們就不得而知了。
第13章 the shanwang biota: almost like today
山旺生物群：往昔如今
most of the major groups of vertebrates that dominate our modern world were already thriving in the miocene, whereas the brontotheres and many other characteristic denizens of earlier cenozoic epochs had long since succumbed to extinction.
現(xiàn)今統(tǒng)治地球的大多數(shù)脊椎動物的主要類群，在中新世時(shí)已經(jīng)十分繁盛，而雷獸和其他諸多新生代早期的居民們則早已滅絕。
第14章 the hezheng biota: horses, hogs and hyenas
和政生物群：馬、豬和鬣狗們
however, the story of horses also exemplifies the baroque complexity of evolution, in that considerable diversification took place at every stage of the slow canter from eocene horses to equus.
馬類演化的故事是典型的巴洛克風(fēng)格——的確非常復(fù)雜：從只會慢跑的始新世馬類到健步如飛的真馬類，演化過程中的各個(gè)階段都伴隨著顯著的多樣性分異。
第15章 the zhoukoudian fauna: the first beijingers
周口店古人類遺址：*早的“北京人”
the hyenas could easily have killed occasional peking folk or seized the bodies of individuals who had died of other causes, devouring them in the fissure and leaving only fragments of shattered bone.
鬣狗會很容易殺死偶遇的北京人，或把因其他原因死去的北京人尸體帶回裂隙，大快朵頤，然后留下滿地的碎骨。
[key transition 9: ecce homo] 大事件9：人類的黎明
in recent decades it has become clear from a variety of evidence, but above all from genetics, that humans are especially closely related to the african apes known as chimpanzees.
*近幾十年越來越多的證據(jù)，特別是遺傳學(xué)證據(jù)清晰地顯示，人類與非洲的現(xiàn)生猿類——黑猩猩的親緣關(guān)系特別近。
concluding thoughts: the march continues, under fire
結(jié)語：演化在“槍林彈雨中”繼續(xù)
a strong case can be made that a sixth mass extinction is unfolding in our modern world, as a result of human activity.
可以很有理由地說，由于人類的活動，我們現(xiàn)在的地球正在經(jīng)歷第六次大滅絕。
afterword 后記
further reading 延展閱讀
appendix 1: locations of major vertebrate fossil sites in china
附錄1：中國主要的脊椎動物（含人類）化石產(chǎn)地
appendix 2: chinese museums that display fossils to the public
附錄2：中國含古生物展陳的博物館名錄
index of genus names used in the book
本書中使用的生物屬名的索引
目錄
introduction
前言
just as archaeologists can piece together much of the history of the shang from the material evidence of oracle bones and bronze cauldrons, palaeontologists can use fossils to reconstruct the far longer and more outlandish history of life on earth.
正如考古學(xué)家能夠從發(fā)掘出的甲骨和青銅器中拼湊出商代的歷史概貌，古生物學(xué)家也能夠用化石信息重建更加遙遠(yuǎn)和奇異的地球生命史。
before we begin: vertebrates, deep time and fossils
從這里開始：脊椎動物、地史時(shí)期和化石
skeletons that remain largely intact are rare and precious gifts from deep time to humanity.
那些基本完整無損的骨骼十分稀少，它們也是大自然的“深時(shí)”送給人類的珍貴禮物。
part one palaeozoic
cold blood and scales
**篇 古生代
冷血與鱗片的時(shí)代
第1章 the chengjiang biota: dawn of the vertebrates
澄江生物群：脊椎動物的出現(xiàn)
the forces of biological competition and predation, environmental change, and simple chance winnowed the field of early animal life, eliminating some creatures and thereby creating ecological space in which others could flourish.
生物競爭和捕食的力量、自然環(huán)境的改變，以及單純的機(jī)遇在早期動物的生命中進(jìn)行篩選，剔除了某些動物，也因此為其他動物的繁盛提供了生態(tài)空間。
[key transition 1: the beginnings of the backbone] 大事件1：脊梁骨的起源
what emerges clearly from the fossil record and the anatomy of modern hagfish, lampreys and sharks is that the evolution of vertebrae was not a sudden event.
化石記錄以及現(xiàn)生盲鰻、七鰓鰻和鯊魚的解剖結(jié)構(gòu)明確地告訴我們，脊椎的演化顯然不是一個(gè)突然的過程。
第2章 the xiaoxiang fauna: fishing for answers
瀟湘動物群：“釣出”真正的答案
as greatly modified lobe-finned fish, we humans stroll about on our pelvic fins and use our pectoral fins to turn the pages of books like the one you are reading now.
我們?nèi)祟惼鋵?shí)就是一種“超級改進(jìn)版“的肉鰭魚，我們用“腹鰭”四處行走，并用“胸鰭”翻動書的書頁，就像你現(xiàn)在正在做的這樣。
[key transition 2: to jaw-jaw is always better] 大事件2 ：有頜的感覺真好
vertebrates of different types use their jaws to crush the throats of prey animals, slice and grind their way through tough vegetation, and filter plankton out of seawater.
不同的脊椎動物用不同的方式使用它們的頜，有些用來咬破獵物的喉嚨，有些切碎研磨植物，又或者從海水中過濾藻類。
第3章 the zhongning fauna: a new breed of vertebrate
中寧動物群：脊椎動物的新類型
amid these remains of fierce predators and heavily armoured prey, a single jaw fragment measuring less than 10 cm in length and retaining only small denticles rather than true teeth might seem unremarkable.
就在這些兇猛的捕食者和重裝甲的獵物的殘骸之間，一段不起眼的頜骨化石隱匿其中。
[key transition 3: fish nearly out of water] 大事件3：即將離開水的魚
the somewhat ironic upshot is that the first tetrapod limbs were probably used more for swimming than for walking.
值得玩味的是，*早的四足動物的四肢很可能更多地用于游泳而不是行走。
第4章 the dashankou fauna: beasts and belebey
大山口動物群：獸與蜥的世界
a particularly interesting beast from the dashankou fauna is the carnivore raranimus dashankouensis, whose name means literally the “rare spirit from dashankou”.
大山口動物群有一種有趣的動物叫大山口珍稀獸，直譯就是“珍稀的大山口精靈”。
[key transition 4: the egg, not the chicken] 大事件4：先有雞還是先有蛋
next time you buy amniotic eggs in a supermarket, why not take a moment to appreciate the sophistication and adaptive value of the intricate biological structures that will soon be appearing on your dinner table?
下一次你在超市購買羊膜動物的卵時(shí)，在它們變成你的盤中餐前，何不花一點(diǎn)時(shí)間欣賞一下這一充滿進(jìn)化意義的，復(fù)雜而精巧的生物學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)呢？
part two mesozoic
the empire of dinosaurs
第二篇 中生代
恐龍的帝國
第5章 the guanling biota: life among the dangling crinoids
關(guān)嶺生物群：與搖曳的海百合伴生的生命
complete crinoids are among the most spectacular of all invertebrate fossils, looking for all the world like flowers in some garden tended by undersea giants.
完整的海百合化石絕對屬于現(xiàn)有無脊椎動物化石中*壯觀的一景，它們看起來就好像由海底巨人精心照料的花園中的花朵一般。
[key transition 5: back to the sea] 大事件5：重返海洋
ichthyosaurs, with their dorsal and caudal fins, went further in resculpting their bodies to suit the demands of the sea than perhaps any other amniotes except cetaceans.
魚龍甚至長出了背鰭和尾鰭，這種為了適應(yīng)海洋生活所做的身體改變，可能比除了鯨類以外的任何羊膜動物都走得更遠(yuǎn)。
第6章 the lufeng fauna: china’s oldest dinosaurs
祿豐動物群：中國*古老的恐龍
a single partial lower jaw represents perhaps the greatest mystery of the lufeng fauna.
祿豐動物群*大的謎團(tuán)可能來自一件下頜骨化石。
[key transition 6: the stealthy rise of mammals] 大事件6:：哺乳動物的悄然興起
for nearly the first hundred million years of their history, mammals were inconspicuous, mainly insectivorous animals no larger than about one metre in body length, and for the most part much smaller.
在*初一億年的演化歷史中，哺乳動物毫不起眼，主要是食蟲性的，身體長度不超過一米，而且在多數(shù)時(shí)間中其體長遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于這個(gè)長度。
第7章 the dashanpu dinosaur fauna: giants on the earth
沙溪廟動物群：地球上的巨龍
by shaximiao times the dinosaurs had assumed pride of place in the march of vertebrate life, towering over other terrestrial carnivores and herbivores.
在沙溪廟動物群的時(shí)代，恐龍已經(jīng)在脊椎動物的“大游行”中占據(jù)了首要的地位，遠(yuǎn)超過其他陸生的肉食和素食動物。
第8章 the daohugou biota: preserved in their finery
道虎溝生物群：地層中的華麗霓裳
a few decades ago, palaeontologists believed that almost all mesozoic mammaliaforms were small, land-dwelling insectivores, and species from the daohugou biota have helped to temper that substantially correct but excessively broad generalisation.
幾十年前，古生物學(xué)者們還在堅(jiān)信幾乎所有中生代的哺乳形動物都是小型、陸生、食蟲的動物，但道虎溝的物種有助于調(diào)和這一雖然大體正確，但適用度被夸大了的歸納性結(jié)論。
[key transition 7: into the skies] 大事件7：飛上藍(lán)天
by the time pterosaurs went extinct at the end of the cretaceous, birds had already joined them as denizens of the mesozoic skies.
當(dāng)翼龍?jiān)诎讏准o(jì)末滅絕時(shí)，鳥類已經(jīng)成為中生代天空中的姣客。
第9章 the jehol biota: feathered dinosaurs!
熱河生物群：帶羽毛的恐龍!
the feathers are long enough to suggest that yutyrannus would have been rather shaggy, a murderous fuzzball stalking the forests of the early cretaceous.
羽王龍很像一個(gè)外表蓬松的兇殘殺手，鬼鬼祟祟地游蕩在白堊紀(jì)早期的森林里。
[key transition 8: a profusion of urv?gel] 大事件8：美羽不怕多
exactly how old feathers are, in evolutionary terms, is a matter of profound uncertainty.
從演化的角度觀察，“羽毛的具體產(chǎn)生時(shí)間”是個(gè)很難回答的問題。
第10章 the wangshi fauna: a vast dinosaurian necropolis
王氏動物群：巨大的恐龍墓場
shandong is an appropriate setting for a rich trove of bones from a late chapter in the history of one of the greatest dynasties of all, that of the mesozoic dinosaurs.
由此可見，這里作為中生代恐龍帝國余輝篇章的化石產(chǎn)地，的確十分合適。
part three cenozoic
the triumph of mammals
第三篇 新生代
哺乳動物的大捷
第11章 the qianshan fauna: life after the apocalypse
潛山動物群：劫難后的新生
if niches in an ecosystem are like jobs in an economy, then mass extinctions create vacancies that are automatically filled by the first suitable candidates to step forward.
如果把生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中的生態(tài)位比做經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域中的職場職位，那么生物大滅絕所創(chuàng)造的空位會自然而然地被那些*早適應(yīng)的“求職者”所填補(bǔ)。
第12章 the shara murun fauna: hooves, horns and rams
沙拉木倫動物群：各種各樣的蹄子和角
what granger thought of lending his name to a large, and quite possibly aggressive and ill-tempered, eocene herbivore is uncertain.
至于格蘭杰博士對把他的姓氏授予這種巨型、好斗、脾氣暴躁的始新世食草動物是什么心情，我們就不得而知了。
第13章 the shanwang biota: almost like today
山旺生物群：往昔如今
most of the major groups of vertebrates that dominate our modern world were already thriving in the miocene, whereas the brontotheres and many other characteristic denizens of earlier cenozoic epochs had long since succumbed to extinction.
現(xiàn)今統(tǒng)治地球的大多數(shù)脊椎動物的主要類群，在中新世時(shí)已經(jīng)十分繁盛，而雷獸和其他諸多新生代早期的居民們則早已滅絕。
第14章 the hezheng biota: horses, hogs and hyenas
和政生物群：馬、豬和鬣狗們
however, the story of horses also exemplifies the baroque complexity of evolution, in that considerable diversification took place at every stage of the slow canter from eocene horses to equus.
馬類演化的故事是典型的巴洛克風(fēng)格——的確非常復(fù)雜：從只會慢跑的始新世馬類到健步如飛的真馬類，演化過程中的各個(gè)階段都伴隨著顯著的多樣性分異。
第15章 the zhoukoudian fauna: the first beijingers
周口店古人類遺址：*早的“北京人”
the hyenas could easily have killed occasional peking folk or seized the bodies of individuals who had died of other causes, devouring them in the fissure and leaving only fragments of shattered bone.
鬣狗會很容易殺死偶遇的北京人，或把因其他原因死去的北京人尸體帶回裂隙，大快朵頤，然后留下滿地的碎骨。
[key transition 9: ecce homo] 大事件9：人類的黎明
in recent decades it has become clear from a variety of evidence, but above all from genetics, that humans are especially closely related to the african apes known as chimpanzees.
*近幾十年越來越多的證據(jù)，特別是遺傳學(xué)證據(jù)清晰地顯示，人類與非洲的現(xiàn)生猿類——黑猩猩的親緣關(guān)系特別近。
concluding thoughts: the march continues, under fire
結(jié)語：演化在“槍林彈雨中”繼續(xù)
a strong case can be made that a sixth mass extinction is unfolding in our modern world, as a result of human activity.
可以很有理由地說，由于人類的活動，我們現(xiàn)在的地球正在經(jīng)歷第六次大滅絕。
afterword 后記
further reading 延展閱讀
appendix 1: locations of major vertebrate fossil sites in china
附錄1：中國主要的脊椎動物（含人類）化石產(chǎn)地
appendix 2: chinese museums that display fossils to the public
附錄2：中國含古生物展陳的博物館名錄
index of genus names used in the book
本書中使用的生物屬名的索引
展開全部
征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 節(jié)選
征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 相關(guān)資料
這是迄今為止我所知道的，基于中國的精美化石寶庫描繪“從魚到人”的故事中，內(nèi)容最為豐富、最具權(quán)威性、并且最有趣味的一本書。我有理由相信，這本書將成為經(jīng)典，并為世界各國的讀者所喜愛。
this is by far, in my opinion, the most content-rich, authoritative, and interesting book which describes the journey “from fish to human” based on chinese lagerst?tten. i believe this book will become a classic, loved by readers from all over the world.
周忠和（中國科學(xué)院院士、國際古生物協(xié)會主席）
zhou zhonghe (academician of the chinese academy of sciences, president of the international palaeontological association)
這是一部優(yōu)秀的古生物科普讀物。立意新穎，創(chuàng)作精心。15個(gè)具有代表性的中國古生物群各具特色，脊椎動物九大演化事件的介紹形象生動。不僅從科學(xué)知識方面擴(kuò)展了讀者視野，也處處浸透著文學(xué)與藝術(shù)的風(fēng)采。
this is an excellent science outreach book in the field of palaeontology, unique in content and written in a sophisticated manner. the distinctive characteristics of 15 representative fossil faunas from china are described, and nine key transitions in vertebrate evolution are vividly outlined. this book not only will broaden the horizons of its readers, but also is imbued with literary and artistic grace.
孫革（中國古生物學(xué)會副理事長、沈陽師范大學(xué)古生物學(xué)院院長）
sun ge (vice president of the palaeontological society of china, director of the palaeontology college of shenyang normal university)
人類對自然歷史的探索永無止境，化石是研究自然歷史的重要鑰匙之一。這是一本關(guān)于化石的書，但作者的情懷已經(jīng)超出了化石。這樣的好書現(xiàn)在太少了。
human beings have a boundless desire to explore natural history, and fossils are among the important keys that can unlock this impulse. this is a book about fossils, but also beyond fossils. too few good books of this kind are published.
孟慶金（中國自然科學(xué)博物館協(xié)會副理事長、北京自然博物館館長）
meng qingjin (vice president of the chinese association of natural science museums, director of the beijing museum of natural history)
中國是現(xiàn)今世界古生物發(fā)現(xiàn)領(lǐng)域最迷人的地方。從揭示最早脊椎動物動物起源的化石，到見證我們自己所屬人種早期演化的產(chǎn)地，其間又穿越了白堊紀(jì)令人震驚的恐龍和翼龍時(shí)代——所有這些你都可以在這本書中見到！不用多說，這就是古生物愛好者的必備書！
china is the most fascinating source of paleontological discoveries in the world right now. from fossils shedding light on the origin of vertebrates to fantastic sites that bear witness to some of the early stages in the evolution of our own species, passing through astonishing dinosaurs and pterosaurs from cretaceous strata – it's all here in this marvelous book! a must for any paleo-enthusiast!
alexander kellner（巴西科學(xué)院院士、巴西國家博物館、里約聯(lián)邦大學(xué)教授）
alexander kellner (academician of the brazilian academy of sciences, professor at the national museum of the federal university of rio de janeiro, brazil)
這是對中國豐富的脊椎動物化石產(chǎn)地一次精彩的、最新的介紹。不僅所記述的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)非常之新，而且這一國際作者團(tuán)隊(duì)以其獨(dú)特的視角深入闡述了這些發(fā)現(xiàn)的重要意義。文字優(yōu)美且插圖精致。
a wonderful, up-to-date account of the rich fossil vertebrate sites of china. the discoveries are very new, and the authors are an international team that can give unique insights into the discoveries and their meaning. a beautifully written and illustrated book.
michael benton（國際古生物協(xié)會前任主席、英國布里斯托大學(xué)教授）
michael benton (former president of the international palaeontological association, professor at the university of bristol, england)
中國有天賜的、精彩的化石記錄，從帶羽毛的恐龍、寒武紀(jì)生命大爆發(fā)的遺跡，到巨型海百合間游動的海怪。但語言的障礙讓西方讀者無法一窺究竟。這本書的作者將這些化石發(fā)現(xiàn)連同中國古生物學(xué)的研究一并呈現(xiàn)于此，其中也包括做出這些重要發(fā)現(xiàn)的中外學(xué)者的圖像檔案。
china is blessed with a spectacular fossil record populated with feathered dinosaurs, fallout from the cambrian explosion, and sea serpents swimming among giant crinoids, but the language barrier has hindered them from becoming familiar to western readers. here the authors present these discoveries alongside the long and fascinating history of paleontological research in china, with archival images of the foreign adventurers and homegrown scientists who made the discoveries.
james m. clark（美國喬治華盛頓大學(xué)教授，世界知名恐龍學(xué)者）
james m. clark (professor at george washington university, united states of america, and renowned dinosaur expert)
在過去的幾十年間，中國發(fā)現(xiàn)了許多珍貴的脊椎動物化石，貫穿脊椎動物五億年的演化歷史。這本書對上述重要發(fā)現(xiàn)以及發(fā)現(xiàn)的過程進(jìn)行了一冊在手式的、圖文并茂的介紹。
in recent decades, china has yielded a wealth of spectacular fossils that span a period of some 500 million years and have already rewritten many chapters of the history of back-boned animals. this book presents an easily accessible, richly illustrated survey of the key discoveries and the history of their exploration.
hans-dieter sues（美國史密斯研究院國家自然歷史博物館高級館員，加拿大皇家學(xué)會會員，美國科學(xué)促進(jìn)會會員）
hans-dieter sues (senior scientist and curator of vertebrate paleontology at the national museum of natural history of the smithsonian institution, united states of america, fellow of the royal society of canada and the american association for the advancement of science)
這是一本時(shí)髦而大膽的著作，里面有驚人的圖片和豐富的文字信息，通過來自中國的眾多壯觀的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，講述了我們?nèi)祟愖约哼M(jìn)化的恢弘故事。中國的古生物學(xué)填補(bǔ)了生命進(jìn)化過程中的一系列重要空白，而這本書正是對他們世界級的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)的最好的視覺慶祝。
a sassy, bold book with stunning images and enjoyable, informative text telling the grand narrative of our own evolution through china’s many spectacular fossil discoveries. chinese palaeontology has filled some of the biggest gaps in the evolution of life, and this book is a visual celebration of their world class fossil finds.
john long（古脊椎動物學(xué)會主席、澳大利亞弗林德斯大學(xué)教授）
john long (president of the society of vertebrate paleontology, professor at flinders university, australia)
這是由三位頂尖科學(xué)家所講述的關(guān)于中國化石的故事。它是視覺信息和高質(zhì)量文字的完美結(jié)合，包含了精美而信息豐富的照片、繪圖和其他形式的插圖，超過了最苛刻的讀者關(guān)于卓越的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。
this book on the fossils of china is a perfect blend of visual information and high quality, detailed story telling by three leading scientists. this book contains beautiful and informative photos, drawings, and other forms of illustration, exceeding the standards of excellence of the most demanding readers.
robert reisz（加拿大多倫多大學(xué)教授，美國科學(xué)促進(jìn)會會員）
robert reisz (professor at university of toronto, canada and fellow of the american association for the advancement of science)
2 8 8 | n at u r e | vo l 5 2 1 | 2 1 m ay 2 0 1 5
tracing the backbone in china’s rocks
xu xing relishes a bilingual book on the evolution of vertebrate life in his fabulously fossil-rich country.
china’s rich fossil resources have supplied many firsts — discoveries that have rewritten and helped to construct evolutionary history. the bilingual (english and chinese) from fish to human summarizes and highlights the spectacular chinese vertebrate fossil record and its place in the broader span of vertebrate life.
this volume, rich with illustrations, was produced by an international team of vertebrate palaeontologists. corwin sullivan wrote the english text with input from the other authors, wang yuan did the chinese translation and brian choo pro?duced the illustrations. (i work alongside all three, but was not involved with this book.) their effort has produced an excel?lent resource.
from fish to human describes 15 chinese faunas — collections of fossils of a similar age from the same general area — that highlight every major geological time period from the early cambrian to the late pleistocene epoch. the cambrian chengjiang biota, for example, dating to around 525 million years ago, contains the oldest known diverse multicellular animals, including the earliest vertebrates, such as the primitive, fishlike haikouichthys. it is shedding light on the rapid diversification of life known as the cambrian explosion.
flamboyant feathered dinosaurs from the roughly 125-million-year-old jehol biota, such as the four-winged microraptor and the gigantic tyrannosaur yutyrannus, have garnered much public attention; less known are the earlier silurian xiaoxiang and devonian zhongning faunas. the authors explain how discoveries from these have helped to establish the evolution of important structures such as jaws and limbs. entelognathus from xiaoxiang, for example, is a placoderm, or armoured fish, with the jawed face of an osteichthyan, or bony fish — a finding that blurs the bound-ary between major vertebrate groups.
each fauna or group of faunas is followed by a concise review of a related evolutionary transition. so the dis?cussion of how feath?ers evolved into their modern form fol-lows a description of the jehol biota, which yielded much of the fossil evidence for it.
the balance between specific discoveries and general evolutionary history allows a clear and current understanding of verte?brate evolution, and showcases the beauty of the extinct animals. thus stunning pho?tographs, for example of the exquisitely preserved fossils from the chengjiang biota, sit alongside remarkable reconstruc-tions of creatures and habitats. informative drawings show the family trees of major vertebrate groups and biological structures such as tetrapod limbs.
征程-從魚到人的生命之旅 作者簡介
舒柯文
加拿大維多利亞大學(xué)本科畢業(yè)，多倫多大學(xué)獲得碩士，美國哈佛大學(xué)的博士畢業(yè)生。現(xiàn)為中國科學(xué)院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所副研究員，兼任學(xué)術(shù)刊物《古脊椎動物學(xué)報(bào)》的英文編輯。經(jīng)常在中國和他的故鄉(xiāng)加拿大進(jìn)行野外古生物考察。不忙野外的時(shí)候會在研究所做恐龍和其他中生代脊椎動物的研究，或者努力學(xué)習(xí)漢語。這本書是他對古生物科普的首次主要嘗試。
Corwin Sullivan is an associate research professor of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. He completed his undergraduate education at the University of Victoria, Canada before going on to earn an MSc degree at the University of Toronto at Mississauga and a PhD at Harvard University. He is the English editor of Vertebrata PalAsiatica, the Institute’s peer-reviewed scientific journal. When not busy with fieldwork in China or his native Canada, he pursues research focussing on dinosaurs and other Mesozoic vertebrates at the Institute, and studing Chinese hard in leisure time. From Fish to Human: the March of Vertebrate Life in China is his first major science outreach effort.
王原
本科畢業(yè)于北京大學(xué)地質(zhì)系古生物及地層專業(yè)，曾赴美留學(xué)獲文學(xué)碩士，在中國科學(xué)院獲得博士學(xué)位。現(xiàn)為中國科學(xué)院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所研究員，曾獲中國國家自然科學(xué)獎和中國科學(xué)院杰出科技成就獎。發(fā)現(xiàn)和采集了很多重要的脊椎動物化石，喜歡研究化石青蛙和化石蠑螈。他傾盡心力擔(dān)任的中國古動物館館長一職，決定了他還是講述中國恐龍故事的高手。
Wang Yuan graduated from the Geology Department of Peking University and received his second MS degree in the US and his PhD from the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is now a research professor of the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, CAS, and serves as director of the Paleozoological Museum of China. He has been awarded China’s National Prize for Natural Sciences and the Outstanding Science and Technology Achievement Prize of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He has discovered and collected many important vertebrate fossils, and loves to study fossil frogs and salamanders. As the diligent director of a palaeontological museum in China, he also excels at telling the stories of Chinese dinosaurs.
Brian Choo
生于新加坡，少年移居澳大利亞，本科畢業(yè)于默多克大學(xué)，在澳大利亞國立大學(xué)獲得博士學(xué)位，后在中國科學(xué)院古脊椎動物與古人類研究所做博士后研究（2009-2013），現(xiàn)就職于澳大利亞弗林德斯大學(xué)。他的主要研究方向是志留紀(jì)和泥盆紀(jì)的化石魚類，偶爾也發(fā)表一些中生代海洋爬行動物的論文。他還是位自學(xué)成才的畫家，曾為學(xué)術(shù)論文、科普文章、博物館展覽、圖書、電視紀(jì)錄片等繪制古代生命的科學(xué)復(fù)原圖。
Brian Choo, currently at Flinders University, was born in Singapore but moved to Australia at a young age. He graduated from Murdoch University and received his PhD at the Australian National University before going on to work as a postdoctoral researcher at the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, from 2009 to 2013. His research has focused primarily on fossil fishes from the Silurian and Devonian Periods, but he has also published occasional papers on Mesozoic marine reptiles. As a self-taught illustrator, he has provided scientifically rigorous life-reconstructions of fossil animals for academic papers, popular articles, museum exhibits, books and television documentaries.
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