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超弦和M理論導論-第2版

包郵 超弦和M理論導論-第2版

作者:加來道雄
出版社:世界圖書出版公司出版時間:2010-04-01
開本: 24開 頁數: 587頁
本類榜單:自然科學銷量榜
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超弦和M理論導論-第2版 版權信息

超弦和M理論導論-第2版 本書特色

《超弦和M理論導論(第2版)》:物理學經典教材(影印版)

超弦和M理論導論-第2版 內容簡介

超弦和M理論是現代物理學中*有趣*活躍的研究課題之一。該問題比較困難同時也充滿爭議,一些人稱之為“終極理論”,這是因為超弦理論有可能解決困擾人們多年的難題,即統一二十世紀*偉大的兩個理論:廣義相對論和量子場論。《超弦和M理論導論(第2版)》全面細致地講解超弦理論和該領域的*新研究進展,內容包括四維超弦,Kac-Moody代數,Teichmuller空間和Calabi-Yau流形,M理論和D膜,對偶和BPS關系,矩陣模型等,可以作為研究生教材,同時對研究人員也有參考價值。作者首先簡要介紹了點粒子理論,然后利用費曼路徑積分詳細討論超弦理論。超弦研究需要很多數學工具,書中分別作了介紹,如指標定理,同調論和Kahler流形等。在第二版中,作者對內容做了整體修訂,并添加了M理論的三個新章節。閱讀《超弦和M理論導論(第2版)》需要量子力學和相對論的基本知識。讀者對象:理論物理、高能物理、場論和弦論等專業的高年級本科生、研究生和相關專業的科研人員。

超弦和M理論導論-第2版 目錄

Preface Acknowledgments Ⅰ First Quantization and Path Integrals 1 Path Integrals and Point Particles 1.1 Why Strings? 1.2 Historical Review of Gauge Theory 1.3 Path Integrals and Point Particles 1.4 Relativistic Point Particles 1.5 First and Second Quantization 1.6 Faddeev-Popov Quantization 1.7 Second Quantization 1.8 Harmonic Oscillators 1.9 Currents and Second Quantization 1.10 Summary References 2 Nambu-Goto Strings 2.1 Bosonic Strings 2.2 Gupta-Bleuler Quantization 2.3 Light Cone Quantization 2.4 BRST Quantization 2.5 Trees 2.6 From Path Integrals to Operators 2.7 Projective Invariance and Twists 2.8 Closed Strings 2.9 Ghost Elimination 2.100 Summary References 3 Superstrings 3.1 Supersymmetric Point Particles 3.2 Two-Dimensional Supersymmetry 3.3 Trees 3.4 Local Two-Dimensional Supersymmetry 3.5 Quantization 3.6 GSO Projection 3.7 Superstrings 3.8 Light Cone Quantization of the GS Action 3.9 Vertices and Trees 3.10 Summary References 4 Conformal Field Theory and Kac——Moody Algebras 4.1 Conformal Field Theory 4.2 Superconformal Field Theory 4.3 Spin Fields 4.4 Superconformal Ghosts 4.5 Fermion Vertex 4.6 Spinors and Trees 4.7 Kac-Moody Algebras 4.8 Supersymmetry 4.9 Summary References 5 Mulfiloops and Teichmuller Spaces 5.1 Unitarity 5.2 Single-Loop Amplitude 5.3 Harmonic Oscillators 5.4 Single-Loop Superstring Amplitudes 5.5 Closed Loops 5.6 Multiloop Amplitudes 5.7 Riemann Surfaces and Teichmiiller Spaces 5.8 Conformal Anomaly 5.9 Superstrings 5.10 Determinants and Singularities 5.11 Moduli Space and Grassmannians 5.12 Summary References Ⅱ Second Quantization and the Search for Geometry 6 Light Cone Field Theory 6.1 Why String Field Theory? 6.2 Deriving Point Particle Field Theory 6.3 Light Cone Field Theory 6.4 Interactions 6.5 Neumann Function Method 6.6 Equivalence of the Scattering Amplitudes 6.7 Four-String Interaction 6.8 Superstring Field Theory 6.9 Summary References 7 BRST Field Theory 7.1 Covariant String Field Theory 7.2 BRST Field Theory 7.3 Gauge Fixing 7.4 Interactions 7.5 Witten's String Field Theory 7.6 Proof of Equivalence 7.7 Closed Strings and Superstrings 7.8 Summary References Ⅲ Phenomenology and Model Building 8 Anomalies and the Atiyah-Singer Theorem 8.1 Beyond GUT Phenomenology 8.2 Anomalies and Feynman Diagrams 8.3 Anomalies in the Functional Formalism 8.4 Anomalies and Characteristic Classes 8.5 Dirac Index 8.6 Gravitational and Gauge Anomalies 8.7 Anomaly Cancellation in Strings 8.8 Summary References 9 Heterotic Strings and Compactification 9.1 Compactification 9.2 The Heterotic String 9.3 Spectrum 9.4 Covariant and Fermionic Formulations 9.5 Trees 9.6 Single-Loop Amplitude 9.7 Es and Kac——Moody Algebras 9.8 Lorentzian Lattices 9.9 Summary References 10 Calabi——Yau Spaces and Orbifolds 10.1 Calabi-Yau Spaces 10.2 Review of de Rahm Cohomology 10.3 Cohomology and Homology 10.4 K/ihler Manifolds 10.5 Embedding the Spin Connection 10.6 Fermion Generations 10.7 Wilson Lines 10.8 Orbifoids 10.9 Four-Dimensional Superstrings 10.10 Summary References Ⅳ M-Theory 11 M-Theory and Duality 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Duality in Physics 11.3 Why Five String Theories? 11.4 T-Duality 11.5 S-Duality 11.5.1 Type IIA Theory 11.5.2 Type IIB Theory 11.5.3 M-Theory and Type IIB Theory 11.5.4 E8 E8 Heterotic String 11.5.5 Type I Strings 11.6 Summary References 12 Compactifications and BPS States 12.1 BPS States 12.2 Supersymmetry and P-Branes 12.3 Compactification 12.4 Example: D = 6 12.4.1 D = 6, N = (2, 2) Theory 12.4.2 D = 6, N = (1, 1) Theories 12.4.3 M-Theory in D = 7 12.5 Example:D=4, N=2 and D=6, N=1 12.6 Symmetry Enhancement and Tensionless Strings 12.7 F-Theory 12.8 Example: D = 4 12.9 Summary References 13 Solitons, D-Branes, and Black Holes 13.1 Solitons 13.2 Supermembrane Actions 13.3 Five-Brahe Action 13.4 D-Branes 13.5 D-Brane Actions 13.6 M(atrix) Models and Membranes 13.7 Black Holes 13.8 Summary 13.9 Conclusion References Appendix A.1 A Brief Introduction to Group Theory A.2 A Brief Introduction to General Relativity A.3 A Brief Introduction to the Theory of Forms A.4 A Brief Introduction to Supersymmetry A.5 A Brief Introduction to Supergravity A.6 Notation References Index
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超弦和M理論導論-第2版 節選

《超弦和M理論導論(第2版)》內容簡介:超弦和M理論是現代物理學中*有趣*活躍的研究課題之一。該問題比較困難同時也充滿爭議,一些人稱之為“終極理論”,這是因為超弦理論有可能解決困擾人們多年的難題,即統一二十世紀*偉大的兩個理論:廣義相對論和量子場論。《超弦和M理論導論(第2版)》全面細致地講解超弦理論和該領域的*新研究進展,內容包括四維超弦,Kac-Moody代數,Teichmuller空間和Calabi-Yau流形,M理論和D膜,對偶和BPS關系,矩陣模型等,可以作為研究生教材,同時對研究人員也有參考價值。作者首先簡要介紹了點粒子理論,然后利用費曼路徑積分詳細討論超弦理論。超弦研究需要很多數學工具,書中分別作了介紹,如指標定理,同調論和Kahler流形等。在第二版中,作者對內容做了整體修訂,并添加了M理論的三個新章節。閱讀《超弦和M理論導論(第2版)》需要量子力學和相對論的基本知識。讀者對象:理論物理、高能物理、場論和弦論等專業的高年級本科生、研究生和相關專業的科研人員。

超弦和M理論導論-第2版 相關資料

插圖:(1) Because we are dealing with a first quantized theory, we have to take the sum over all interacting topologies that are swept out by the string. For the Nambu——Goto string, the precise nature of these topologies is ambiguous and must be specified by hand. However, for the Polyakov form of the action, which contains an independent metric tensor, we can eliminate most of this ambiguity by specifying that we sum over all conformally and modular in equivalent configurations. (These terms will be defined later.) This will become a powerful constraint once we start to derive loops and will determine the function measure uniquely. The measure and the topologies in the Nambu-Goto action, however, are not well defined. (We must point out, however, that this rule of integrating over in equivalent surfaces does not automatically satisfy unitarity. This still must be checked by hand.)(2) The gauge fixing of weyl invariance for the Polyakov action, although trivial classically, poses problems when we make the transition to quantum mechanics. An anomaly appears when we carefully begin the quantization process. In fact, this conformal anomaly will disappear only in 26dimensions.

超弦和M理論導論-第2版 作者簡介

紐約城市大學研究生中心的理論物理學教授,世界著名物理學家、著名的科學暢銷書作者,超弦理論的奠基人。

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